NOUN
What is Noun and it Kinds with 20 Rules & Tricks ?
Definition :
The name of a person, place or thing is said to be the Noun.
Examples :
Rajesh, Book, School, Table, India etc.
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Kinds of Nouns :
There are five kinds of a noun.
1. Common Noun
2. Proper Noun
3. Material Noun
4. Collective Noun
5. Abstract Noun
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1. Common Noun :
This noun indicates every person or thing of the same class.
Man, Woman, Chair, River, City etc.
Examples :
(1) This boy is very intelligent.
(2) This girl has a different attitude.
(3) The fan should be without noise.
(4) This chair is very attractive .
(5) This city is very famous.
2. Proper Noun :
This noun indicates a unique person or thing.
Ram, Reena, Neelkamal, Ganga, Meerut etc.
Examples :
(1) Amit is a very good player.
(2) Poonam is very hard working .
(3) The Geeta is a religious book.
(4) Meerut is very famous city.
(5) Neelkamal is a famous company of plastic furniture.
3. Material Noun :
This noun indicates any material.
Iron, Gold, Silver, Plastic, Leather etc.
Examples :
(1) Wood of this table is very good.
(2) Plastic is not good for atmosphere.
(3) Leather should not be used.
(4) Gold is the precious metal.
(5) Silver is called white metal.
Note : Article ‘the’ cannot be used with material noun but to indicate something, article ‘the’ can be used with material noun.
Example :
(1) The plastic of this chair is of good quality.
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4. Collective Noun :
This noun indicates name of groups.
Mob, crowd, Fleet, Syndicate, Flight etc.
Examples :
(1) The army should be powerful.
(2) Our safety depends on the police .
(3) The mob is a group of angry persons.
(4) The fleet is at a very good height.
(5) The team is looking very good.
Note : Sometimes the collective noun takes plural verb and plural pronoun.
Example :
(1) The jury are divided in their decision.
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Some collective nouns :
1. An army of soldiers.
2. An alliance of states.
3. An assembly of representatives.
4. An attendance of servants.
5. An audience of listeners.
6. A band of musicians.
7. A battery of guns.
8. A bench of judges .
9. A block of houses.
10. A bouquet of flowers.
11. A board of directors.
12. A code of laws.
13. A cloud of locusts.
14. A cluster of islands.
15. A constellation of stars.
16. A circle of friends.
17. A commonwealth{ hive} of bees.
18. A congregation of worshipers.
19. A convoy of ships.
20. A crew of sailors.
21. A crowd of people.
22. A herd of cattle ( pasturing).
23. A family of plants.
24. A flight of arrows.
25. A flock of sheep.
26. A flight of birds.
27. A fall of snow or rain.
28. A gallery of pictures.
29. A hoard of wealth.
30. A heap of stones or sand.
31. A jumble of things without order.
32. A kennel of dogs.
33. A lock of hair.
34. A mob of angry people.
35. An order of knights.
36. A pack of wolves.
37. A pile of woods.
38. A panel of inspectors.
39. A range of mountains.
40. A relay of horses.
41. A roll of names.
42. A sea of troubles.
43. A stock of language.
44. A string of pearls.
45. A syllabus of studies.
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46. A syndicate of merchants.
47. A swarm of locusts.
48. A tissue of lies.
49. A volley of arrows.
50. A world of troubles.
5. Abstract Noun :
This noun indicates names of a feeling , quality or a state.
Feeling : Love, fear, hate, anger, respect, pleasure, etc.
Quality : Strength, Innocence, Judgement, obedience, beauty, etc.
State : Death, Youth, Childhood, Poverty, Sickness, etc.
Examples :
(1) I have a great respect for you.
(2) I feel pleasure at morning walk.
(3) The beauty of this picture can attract anyone.
(4) The innocence of this child inspires me.
(5) Now a days, poverty is a curse in our society.
Note : The abstract nouns are not used in plural.
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Number :
In English language, there are only two types of numbers.
(a) Singular
(b) Plural
Examples :
(1) Ravi has a pen. (Singular)
(2) The shopkeeper has many books. (Plural)
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Rules of nouns :
Rule.1 :
Sometimes plurals are made by adding ‘s’ or ‘es’.
Examples :
(1) Apple – Apples
(2) Bus – Buses
(3) Pen – Pens
(4) Batch – Batches
(5) Boy – Boys
Rule.2 :
Sometimes plurals are made by changing the inside vowel.
Examples :
(1) Man – Men
(2) Woman – Women
(3) Foot – Feet
(4) Tooth – Teeth
(5) Mouse – Mice
Examples :
(1) This man is very strong.
(2) These men are very strong.
(3) The foot is very soft.
(4) The feet are very soft.
(5) This tooth is aching.
(6) These teeth are aching.
Rule.3 :
Sometimes plurals are made by adding ‘s’ to the principal word of a compound noun.
Examples :
(1) Brother-in-law – Brothers-in-law
(2) Vice-Admiral – Vice-Admirals
(3) Court-Marshal – Courts-Marshal
(4) Commander-in-chief – Commanders-in-chief
(5) Runner-up – Runners-up
(6) Pick-pocket – Pick-pockets
(7) Passer-by – Passers-by
(8) Step-daughter – Step-daughters
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Rule.4 :
Sometimes plurals are made by changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ by ‘ves’.
Examples :
(1) Calf – Calves
(2) Knife – Knives
(3) Thief – Thieves
(4) Life – Lives
Rule.5 :
There are some ‘Latin’ nouns. They are made plural changing ‘um’ by ‘a’.
Examples :
(1) Datum – Data
(2) Minimum – Minima
(3) Sanatorium – Sanatoria
(4) Rostrum – Rostra
(5) Medium – Media
(6) Corrigendum – Corrigenda
(7) Bacterium – Bacteria
(8) Memorandum – Memoranda
(9) Stratum – Strata
(10) Erratum – Errata
Rule.6 :
There are some miscellaneous nouns.
Examples :
(1) Ox – Oxen
(2) Index – Indices
(3) Formula – Formulae
(4) Lacuna – Lacunae
(5) Alumnus – Alumni
(6) Syllabus – Syllabi
(7) Child – Children
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Rule.7 :
Nouns like sheep, buffalo, deer, offspring, cod, fish etc. have the same form in both the numbers.
Examples :
(1) This sheep is white.
(2) These sheep are white.
(3) This fish is beautiful.
(4) These fish are beautiful.
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Rule.8 :
Some nouns are seen in plural form but they are used in singular form.
Summons, innings, mumps, measles, rabies, rickets, politics, ethics, draughts, genetics, statistics, news, mathematics, etc.
Examples :
(1) Mathematics is an interesting subject.
(2) The second innings of the match is over.
(3) Measles is a disease.
(4) This news is very good.
(5) Ethics demands honesty.
(6) Mumps is very dangerous disease.
(7) Summons is a call by the court.
Rule.9 :
Some nouns are used only in singular form.
Advice, information, hair, mischief, scenery, alphabet, furniture, bread, luggage, fuel, word (promise) etc.
Examples :
(1) You should be true to your words. {×}
(2) You should be true to your word. {√}
(3) These sceneries are very attractive. {×}
(4) This scenery is very attractive. {√}
(5) I have no informations about him. {×}
(6) I have no information about him. {√}
(7) His hair are black. {×}
(8) His hair is black. {√}
(9) He was punished for many mischiefs. {×}
(10) He was punished for this mischief. {√}
(11) The furnitures of this room are very costly. {×}
(12) The furniture of this room is very costly. {√}
Rule.10 :
Some nouns are always plural. They cannot be used as singular nouns by removing ‘s’.
Alms, annals, ashes, caves, species, scissors, wages, valuables, tongs, thanks, spectacles, remains, proceeds, customs, belongings, glasses, assets, orders, rations, premises, refreshments, etc.
Examples :
(1) Alms were given to the beggars.
(2) All his assets were seized.
(3) Where are the tongs?
(4) Scissors are used to cut.
(5) One pair of scissors is not expensive.
(6) Spectacles are very clear.
(7) My pair of spectacles is very expensive.
Rule.11 :
In a compound noun, compound word is not used in plural.
Examples :
(1) My father gave me two hundred rupees note.{×}
(2) My father gave me two hundred rupee note.{√}
(3) Ravi ran a five miles race.{×}
(4) Ravi ran a five mile race.{√}
(5) My brother stayed in five stars hotel.{×}
(6) My brother stayed in five star hotel.{√}
(7) They went on a fifteen days tour.{×}
(8) They went on a fifteen day tour.{√}
(9) This boy is of fifteen years.{√}
(10) This race was of five miles.{√}
Rule.12 :
Articles are not used before material nouns.
Examples :
(1) The leather is used in making shoes. [×] (2) Leather is used in making shoes. [√]
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Rule.13 :
Material nouns and Abstract nouns are not used in plural.
Examples :
(1)This building is made up of bricks and stones.[×] (2)This building is made up of brick and stone.[√] (3) Cares of the old is necessary.[×] (4) Care of the old is necessary.[√]
Rule.14 :
When we compare then proper nouns are sometime used as common nouns. In this case, article is used.
Examples :
(1) Samudragupta is the Napoleon of India.
Rule.15 :
Collective noun may take a singular verb or a plural verb according to the sense of a sentence.
Examples :
(1) The jury has given its same decision about the crime.
(2) The jury are divided in their decision about the crime.
Rule.16 :
There are certain dress which have two parts, are considered as a plural nouns.
Examples :
Trousers, shorts, jeans, etc.
(1) Now a days, Jeans are in fashion.
(2) In summer, shorts are very comfortable.
(3) Now a days, trousers are in great demand.
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Rule.17 :
There are some collective nouns which are used as plural nouns.
Examples :
Police, cattle, people etc.
(1) Police have caught the criminal.
(2) Cattle are running in the ground.
(3) People are gathering there.
Rule.18 :
There are some nouns which are used as plural nouns.
Examples :
Thanks, assets, alms, contents, orders, rations, etc.
(1) The assets were distributed among the relatives.
(2) Alms were distributed in the beggars.
(3) The rations are in stock.
(4) The contents of this book are in a good sequence.
Rule.19 :
Babies and lower animals are considered as neuter gender in a sentence.
Examples :
(1) The baby started crying when it was hungry.
(2) The lizard lost its tail when it was frightened.
Rule. 20 :
If units of counting{ pair, dozen, score, hundred, thousand, etc.}are used after numbers in a sentence then they have singular form.
Examples : Ten pair, Five dozen, Ten score, Five hundred, Ten thousand, Five lakh, Ten crore, Five million, Ten billion, etc.
(1) I have ten pair stockings.
(2) I have pairs of stockings.
(3) My brother bought two dozen eggs from the market.
(4) My uncle bought dozens of eggs from the market.
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