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[English Grammar] Active & Passive Voice
27
Mar
Mar
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
For better knowledge of Active and Passive voice, First of all we should understand the functions of tenses and their uses.
Functions
(1) Present Indefinite:
Recognition of Active Voice : do/does/v1/v1+ s or es (If subject is singular then we add ‘s’ or ‘es’ in the first form of the main verb)
Example : He plays cricket. (Here ‘He’ is singular then we add ‘s’ in ‘play’)
(If subject is plural then we write the first form of the main verb)
Example : We play cricket. (Here ‘We’ is plural then we use the first form of the main verb i.e. play)
Function of Passive Voice : is/are/am + v3
Example : I write a letter. (Active voice)
A letter is written by me. (Passive voice)
(2) Past Indefinite :
Recognition of Active Voice : did / v2
(If subject is singular or plural then we write the second form of the main verb)
Example : He played cricket. (Here ‘played’ is the second form of the main verb)
Function of Passive Voice : was/were+not+v3
Example : I wrote a letter. (Active voice)
A letter was written by me. (Passive voice)
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(3) Future indefinite :
Recognition of Active Voice : will/shall+v1
If the subjects are I, we then ‘shall’ is used
If the subjects are others except I, we then ‘will’ is used.
Example : I shall give you my book in school.
Note : If there is a compulsion, need or threat in a sentence then …..
If the subjects are I, we then ‘will’ is used
If the subjects are others except I, we then ‘shall’ is used.
Example : I will kill you. (Threat)
Function of Passive Voice : will/shall+be+v3
Example : I will write a letter. (Active voice)
A letter will be written by me. (Passive voice)
(4) Present continuous :
Recognition of Active Voice : is/are/am +v1+ing
If subject is singular then we use ‘is’.
If subject is plural then we use ‘are’.
If subject is ‘I’ then we use ‘am’.
Function of Passive Voice : is/are/am +not +being+v3
Example : I am writing a letter. (Active voice)
A letter is being written by me. (Passive voice)
(5) Past continuous:
Recognition of Active Voice : was/were+v1+ing
If subject is singular then we use ‘was’.
If subject is plural then we use ‘were’.
Function of Passive Voice : was/were+being+v3
Example : I was writing a letter. (Active voice)
A letter was being written by me. (Passive voice)
(6) Present Perfect :
Recognition of Active Voice : has/have+v3
If subject is singular then we use ‘has’.
If subject is plural then we use ‘have’.
Function of Passive Voice : has/have+been+v3
Example : I have written a letter. (Active voice)
A letter has been written by me. (Passive voice)
(7) Past perfect :
Recognition of Active Voice : had +v3
(If subject is singular or plural then we write ‘had’ and third form of the main verb)
Function of Passive Voice : had+been+v3
Example : I had written a letter. (Active voice)
A letter had been written by me. (Passive voice)
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(8) Future perfect :
Recognition of Active Voice : will/shall+have+v3
If the subjects are I, we then ‘shall’ is used
If the subjects are others except I, we then ‘will’ is used.
Example : I shall give you my book in school.
He will give you my book in school.
Function of Passive Voice : will/shall+have+been+v3
Example : I shall have written a letter. (Active voice)
A letter will have been written by me. (Passive voice)
(9) Imperative :
These sentences start with v1.
These sentences show request, order, advice and command.
Recognition of Active Voice : v1+object+remaining part
Function of Passive Voice : let+object+be+v3
{You are requested/ ordered/advised+to+v1+object+remaining part }
Example : Please, write a letter. (Active voice)
You are requested to write a letter. (Passive voice)
(10) Modals:
Recognition of Active Voice : can/could/should/would/may/might/must/ought to+v1
Note : After any one of the above modals, we use the first form of the verb.
Function of Passive Voice : modal+be+v3
Example : You can write a letter. (Active voice)
A letter can be written by you. (Passive voice)
(11) It is time :
Recognition of Active Voice : These sentences start with ‘It is time’.
Example : It is time to open the shop .
Function of Passive Voice : To + be + v3 Example : It is time for the shop to be opened .
Solved Examples
(1) Active : Darjeeling grows tea.
Passive : Tea is grown in Darjeeling.
(2) Passive : He was seen leaving the house by me.
Active: I saw him leaving the house.
(3) Passive: The clown was being laughed at by them.
Active: They were laughing at the clown.
(4) Active : Please help me.
Passive : You are requested to help me.
(5) Active : The residents celebrated the Independence Day.
Passive : The Independence Day was celebrated by the residents.
(6) Active : I know him.
Passive : He is known to me.
(7) Passive: A lion may be helped even by a little mouse.
Active: Even a little mouse may help a lion.
(8) Passive: The bell was not rung by the peon.
Active: The peon did not ring the bell.
(9) Passive: Let this book be opened at page ten.
Active: Open this book at page ten.
(10) Passive: By whom was this mistake made?
Active: Who made this mistake?
(11) Active : They are building a house next door to our school.
Passive : A house is being built by them next door to our school.
(12) Active : Who is creating this mess?
Passive : By whom is this mess being created?
(13) Passive : Is a chair being made by the carpenter?
Active : Is the carpenter making a chair ?
(14) Active : I saw him leaving the house.
Passive : He was seen leaving the house by me.
(15) Passive : I was ordered to stay in bed by the doctor.
Active : The doctor ordered me to stay in bed .
(16) Active : Who taught her such things ?
Passive : By whom was she taught such things?
(17) Active : The noise of the traffic kept me awake.
Passive : I was kept awake by the noise of the traffic.
(18) Active : I remember my sister taking me to थे museum.
Passive : I remember being taken to the museum by my sister.
(19) Passive: The situation cannot be managed by her.
Active: She cannot manage the situation.
(20) Passive: Let the order be given.
Active: Give the order.
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